An aneurysm is a bulge in an artery—a broad blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to different parts of the body. When the artery wall wears out, the force of the blood can lead to a bulge or aneurysm. The swelling can develop in any vessels of any part of the body, including the heart, brain, and abdomen. Here is a look at the key facts about an aneurysm and its prevention:

Causes
The exact cause for the swelling is not yet known, but the following factors can increase one’s risk of developing an aneurysm:

Genetic connective tissue disorders: A bulge can occur if one inherits a connective tissue disorder, as such conditions can weaken blood vessels.

Atherosclerosis: Aneurysms are quite common among people with atherosclerosis—a condition that results in the gradual build-up of plaque in the arteries, making them harden.

High blood pressure: People with high blood pressure may have weak blood vessels due to increased strain on the artery walls. The condition may also lead to issues with circulation and problems in the heart, increasing the risk of developing an aneurysm.

Additionally, an aneurysm can develop in those who have elevated cholesterol levels or an extremely fat-rich meal regimen. Additionally, hereditary conditions related to the heart can also increase the risk of developing the disease. Pregnancy and unhealthy lifestyle choices are also important risk factors.

Symptoms
People with aneurysms can experience symptoms like changes in vision and dilated pupils, severe headaches, seizures, tingling sensation along the face and neck, and pain in and around the eye. One may also experience pain in the neck, vomiting, confusion, dizziness, difficulty in speaking, fatigue, and even a heart attack in severe cases.

Types of aneurysms
An aortic aneurysm develops in the aorta—the largest artery in the human body responsible for transporting blood out of the heart. An aneurysm that develops outside the arteries is referred to as a peripheral aneurysm. Here are two types of aortic aneurysms:

Abdominal aortic aneurysm: This aneurysm is the most common aortic aneurysm. Here, the bulge develops in the lower section of the aorta.

Thoracic aortic aneurysm: Another type of bulge in the aorta, thoracic aortic aneurysm develops in the upper part of the aorta in the chest.

When a bulge develops in other blood vessels, it can be categorized into the following types:

Cerebral aneurysm: Here, abnormal swelling can be observed in the blood vessel of the brain.

Carotid aneurysm: This develops in the carotid arteries that transport blood to the face, neck, and brain.

Mesenteric artery aneurysm: The aneurysm here develops in the vessel supplying blood to the gastrointestinal tract.

Splenic artery aneurysm: Here, the bulge develops in the artery in the spleen.

Prevention
An aneurysm can lead to serious complications requiring immediate treatment, so it is important to identify and manage the associated risks. Additionally, one can follow certain meal plans and introduce lifestyle-related changes to keep aneurysms at bay. Here are some preventive measures that can help one reduce the risk of developing a bulge in the arteries:

Mindful eating: One can reduce the risk of developing an aneurysm by making better nutritional choices and avoiding foods rich in saturated fats, trans-fats, and sodium. An ideal meal plan should consist of fruits, vegetables, and lean meats. Additionally, it is important to include healthy fats in the form of nut butter or avocado in one’s meals. People with elevated cholesterol levels are also required to choose foods containing high levels of omega-3 fatty acids. Some foods rich in omega-3s include fish, such as salmon, nuts (like walnuts), and seeds (for instance, flaxseeds).

Managing high blood pressure: Aneurysms are common among people with high blood pressure. Opting for a low-sodium diet, keeping one’s health in check, and reducing stress levels can aid in managing hypertension. It is also important to track blood pressure levels to avoid severe complications.

Exercising: Adding regular exercise to one’s daily routine can offer multiple health benefits, like managing lifestyle-related conditions. Further, moderate-intensity exercise like walking and jogging can help keep high blood pressure and cholesterol level in check. However, vigorous exercises should be avoided.

Managing stress: There is a link between elevated stress levels and high blood pressure, as the body tends to release the hormone adrenaline under stress which leads to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. So, practicing relaxation techniques and activities that help relieve stress can reduce the risk of developing an aneurysm.

The initial stages of an aneurysm may not be accompanied by apparent symptoms, so it is necessary to consider and recognize risk factors and consult a healthcare professional.