Bursitis is a condition that usually affects the joints, and more specifically, the bursae—fluid-filled sacs that work as cushions between the tendons, bones, and muscles. This condition develops due to inflammation in these fluid-filled sacs. With more than 150 bursae in the body, inflammation in the sacs can make movement in the region painful. Depending on the development of symptoms, one could experience acute or chronic bursitis. Here is everything to know about the condition:

Types
Here are the four most common forms of bursitis:

Prepatellar bursitis: This is the most common type of bursitis where the area around the knee cap is inflamed. This region is called the patella. Here, one can be affected by acute or chronic bursitis.

Olecranon bursitis: Here, the inflammation develops around the elbow, and one may be able to feel tiny nodules within the sacs. The affected bursae at the elbow tip are known as olecranon. This is generally chronic bursitis.

Trochanteric bursitis: Here, the inflammation affects the bursae in the hips, developing gradually, sometimes along with health conditions like arthritis.

Retrocalcaneal bursitis: This causes swelling and pain in the heels.

One may deal with either acute or chronic forms of the condition. Acute bursitis develops and worsens suddenly after an injury, while chronic bursitis symptoms appear regularly and continuously. According to the cause of inflammation, bursitis may be categorized into the following types:

Septic bursitis: This is also called infectious bursitis. Here, the skin around the bursae is punctured, allowing the infection to enter. This makes the bursae hot, red, and swollen. One may experience fever and chills when affected by septic bursitis.

Aseptic bursitis: Also called non-infectious or non-septic bursitis, this type is triggered by repeated minor trauma to the area of joints or strain injury.

Symptoms
One may experience the following symptoms when dealing with bursitis:

1. Pain that usually develops while moving the affected body part
2. Swelling
3. A confined range of motion
4. Tenderness
5. Fever
6. Chills
7. A feeling of warmth in the affected area
8. Redness or discoloration in the skin

Depending on the type, one might experience localized discomfort, for instance, one might experience difficulty bending the leg when affected by prepatellar bursitis and discomfort bending the arm when dealing with olecranon bursitis. On the other hand, walking can become challenging with retrocalcaneal and trochanteric bursitis, with the latter also leading to discomfort when lying on the lip.

Causes
Repetitive motions, such as lifting heavy boxes at work, can cause bursitis. Further, infections and injuries can cause the condition. The activities that can increase the risk of this condition include carpentry, painting, scrubbing, shoveling, playing an instrument, raking and gardening, and sports like baseball, tennis, and golf. Consequently, athletes, musicians, and those engaging in repetitive manual labor or physical work are at a higher risk of developing bursitis. Additionally, existing conditions like diabetes, arthritis, and thyroid disease can increase the likelihood of bursitis.

Diagnosis and management
Healthcare providers conduct a physical examination and ask about the symptoms to confirm bursitis. The diagnostic tools doctors may use include an X-ray, MRI, ultrasound, a blood test to check for infection, and testing the fluid sample of the affected bursae. Based on the results and the severity of symptoms, doctors may recommend a few at-home management options:

1. Elevating the injured and affected area
2. Icing the area
3. Applying hot or cold compresses
4. Supporting the injured area by wearing a sling, brace, or splint

Further, prescription options can help relieve pain associated with the condition, and at-home exercises can increase the range of motion and reduce discomfort.

Prevention
One can make a few lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of bursitis. While the condition is not entirely preventable, certain measures can reduce the risk of symptom flare-ups. Here are preventive measures:

1. One should take frequent breaks while performing repetitive tasks.
2. One should avoid sitting for long periods, as this puts a lot of pressure on the joints.
3. One should try to warm up before exercising.
4. It is important to protect vulnerable joints that can experience excessive movement or friction. Here, using proper techniques and postures while exercising or working can help protect the joints. Further, one should stop the activity if they experience any pain.

Acute and chronic bursitis can both cause pain, but one can stop the condition from worsening by practicing caution and seeking treatment. Avoiding movements that exert strain on the joints can also help. One should consult a doctor as soon as they notice one or more signs of bursitis. Doctors can help one get timely treatment and prevent further damage to the bursae.