Asperger Syndrome, or high-functioning autism, is a condition that falls under the category of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Individuals on the spectrum typically have superior cognitive abilities but find it hard to interpret social interactions and cues. They have rigid routines and a narrower range of interests and most frequently indulge in repetitive behavior. While the percentage of the population affected by Asperger syndrome is not well established, it affects male children more frequently than girls.

Asperger syndrome and Autism – The differences
Asperger syndrome used to be diagnosed as a separate condition. However, in 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 5 (DSM–5) released by the American Psychiatric Association categorized it as a segment of ASD (autism spectrum disorder). It is also known as ASD – without language or intellectual impairment. The primary distinguished features that set it apart from ASD are that people with this condition tend to:

Show and express milder signs of autism
There are no language delays, and they possess higher linguistic skills

Symptoms of Asperger syndrome
The symptoms of ASD are detailed below:

Hyperfocus
Several people develop an extreme and high focus on a smaller topic of interest. This can lead to one-sided conversations with adults and peers.
Difficulty with motor skills
Children with this condition have difficulty with coordination and motor skills. They may face trouble with activities like walking, running, and riding a bike.
Difficulty with recognizing the social cues
People with this condition might find it hard and challenging to change the conversation’s topic. It makes them find social interactions puzzling and difficult. It may also be hard for them to know when to lower their voice.
Difficulty reading facial expressions
People with this condition find it difficult to read body language or facial expressions. They may be unable to interpret the gestures and tend to avoid making eye contact. They show only a few facial expressions and make conversations in a monotone.

However, people with Asperger’s can build and boost their specific strengths, especially with the help of therapy and other physical and social aids. Some of the qualities people with this condition typically display include persistence, the capacity to recognize patterns comfortably, and a strong potential to focus and pay attention to detail.

Causes of Asperger syndrome
Abnormal developmental changes in the brain are responsible for this condition, but healthcare providers and researchers have not been able to determine the exact reason behind these alterations. Genetics and exposure to environmental toxins may be their potential causes.

Diagnosis for Asperger syndrome
It is to be noted that healthcare providers do not diagnose Asperger’s; rather, they diagnose ASD. They identify Asperger’s by assessing the following primary areas:

Social interactions
Attitude toward change
Facial expressions when speaking
Language skills
Interest in interaction with others
Motor skills and coordination

Treatment of Asperger syndrome
People with this condition need proper support while at school or performing daily life activities, but there is no particular treatment procedure for Asperger’s. Various therapies that may bring improvement are the following:

Speech therapy
It is provided by a speech therapist who analyzes and addresses communication and language challenges. It may also help with voice control.
CBT or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
CBT is a kind of psychotherapy that may help with depression, anxiety, and other personal difficulties and challenges.
Social skills training
It addresses the issues and concerns that make social interaction difficult for people with this condition. Several skills are taught, such as understanding social behavior and conversation.
Physical and occupational therapy
Occupational Therapy (OT) and Physical Therapy (PT) may improve the coordination and motor skills of people with Asperger syndrome.

Other approaches
There is little research on how the other approaches help improve this condition. But it does not mean these do not help. However, the alternative support methods below must only be followed after consulting a healthcare provider.

Music and art therapy
These therapies may be able to help with emotional, communication, and social challenges and open up a means of communication.
Acupuncture
It has been found that acupuncture helps in improving sleep and social adaptation.
Support groups and online forums
Connecting with other people on the spectrum via social groups is always a good idea as it helps one feel less lonely.

Asperger syndrome has no cure. So, if someone has this condition, they are required to consult a specialist about the next steps after the diagnosis. Support groups can also provide information and aid in dealing with this condition. It is ideal to be open-minded and realize and feel that everyone has the potential and strength to improve. The objective of this post is to provide information only, and one must follow the healthcare provider’s advice and recommendation before taking any steps.